The Illusion of Sovereignty: How International Law and Big Tech are Eroding the State

Modern state sovereignty is in crisis due to the pressures of international law and dependence on private sector technology. States face risks of diplomatic sanctions and international condemnation when acting against adversaries below the threshold of armed attack, which can lead to the loss of access to critical digital infrastructure owned by corporations. This situation was highlighted during Russia's invasion of Ukraine. The traditional understanding of state sovereignty is being challenged, as states now must seek permission to utilize private capabilities for defensive purposes.